You may have heard the term “GLP-1”, but what does it mean? GLP-1, which stands for Glucagon-like peptide-1, is a hormone produced by special cells in the intestines. Your body releases this hormone in response to eating food. It has several effects, including increasing the amount of insulin your body releases in response to a meal. It helps slow down how quickly food moves through the stomach and increases the sense of “fullness,” reduces appetite and craving signals, and lowers blood sugar spikes after meals.
People with type 2 diabetes or higher weight may produce lower levels of the GLP-1 hormone. GLP-1 receptor agonists are medications that increase the levels of this hormone in the body and restore its beneficial effects on blood sugars, sensations of fullness, and weight management.
GLP-1s at a glance
- Can help people reduce weight.
- Lower glucose without causing hypoglycemia (serious low blood sugars).
- Once weekly dosing.
- Pill versions may be available for some GLP-1 medications if you do not like or cannot take injections.
Who should take GLP-1 medications?
The FDA has approved these medications for use in patients with type 2 diabetes and for weight loss in individuals meeting certain criteria, such as BMI and weight-related conditions. These medications can be helpful in patients:
- with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes
- who would benefit from weight loss
- who have certain severe weight-related conditions.
For individuals with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (A1c > 6.4%) and in conjunction with Metformin, drugs like Trulicity (Dulaglutide), Ozempic (Semaglutide), Rybelus (Semaglutide Oral), and Mounjaro (Tirzepatide) may promote decreased A1c, weight loss, and improved cardiovascular outcomes. For individuals who meet the criteria for GLP-1 medications for weight loss, drugs such as Wegovy (Semaglutide) and Zebound (Tirzepatide) are FDA-approved treatment options.
Are these medications safe?
GLP-1 medications are generally well tolerated. The most common side effects include nausea, upset stomach, constipation, fatigue, and headaches, which typically resolve with time. The risk of hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, is very low and usually only occurs in patients who take a GLP-1 medication with another medication that is known to cause hypoglycemia, such as insulin.
How do I take these medications?
Most GLP-1 medications are injected under the skin as little as once a week. Oral GLP-1 medications are also available, although they are less effective in promoting weight loss.
How long will it take to lose weight?
People taking these medications may lose 10% of their body weight or more, depending on the specific medication used and other factors like diet and activity levels. It can take up to 18 months to see the full impact of these medications.
Do I have to be on a special diet when I take a GLP-1?
There is no specific diet to follow, but eating in a certain way may help reduce side effects and make the medications more effective. GLP-1 medications promote weight loss in part by making you feel full faster. They can also reduce cravings and appetite. Being conscious of what types and quantities of food you eat will help with weight loss, and, in people living with diabetes, promote better blood sugar levels.
Do I need to stop taking the medication after I lose weight?
No. These medications can be continued, along with your Metformin, to improve your health, with no set end time. Depending on your progress, your provider may suggest continuing or stopping therapy. How much does it lower my A1c? Every person is different, but the most effective GLP-1 medications can lower the A1c by 1–2%.
Do I stop other diabetes medications when starting a GLP-1?
No. These medications work best in combination with other medications for type 2 diabetes, especially Metformin. In some cases, if the GLP-1 medication is very effective, your doctor may lower the dose or stop some of your other diabetes medications.
Do you have more questions about GLP-1s? Starting a new medication is a big decision. The 9amHealth Care Team is here to answer any questions and help you navigate your health and weight loss journey with confidence.
